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What is Additive Manufacturing: Types, Technologies, Process

11 min read

As technology progresses, often so does the way we operate. We develop new ways and techniques to perform various tasks. This is even the case in the world of manufacturing, where additive manufacturing has now become much more prominent.

Additive manufacturing was first developed in the 1980s but has since become much more advanced and easier to implement. Let鈥檚 take a closer look and explore what additive manufacturing is and how valuable it may become.

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What is Additive Manufacturing?

Many people鈥檚 first question is likely, “What is additive manufacturing?”

Essentially, additive manufacturing means creating a product or object by adding one layer at a time until completion.

This is the opposite of subtractive manufacturing, which involves chipping or cutting away at a large portion of raw material until the desired object is achieved.

As mentioned above, additive manufacturing was first used in the 1980s. At this time, it was used more to create product prototypes quickly. However, these prototypes were far from functional. They were merely to show what a scale version of the product would look like. The particular machine that was invented to make these prototypes was the first 3-D printer.

Since then, additive manufacturing technologies have only improved, with it now being an efficient method used by large companies like Boeing and General Electric. Moreover, 3-D printers have become much more advanced and accessible for virtually anyone to use.

Types of Additive Manufacturing

While it may seem like all 3-D printing is the same, this is far from the case. In fact, there are seven different types of additive manufacturing.

Sheet Lamination

is also referred to as laminated object manufacturing (LOM). This additive manufacturing process involves joining sheets of material together to produce a 3-D object.

Sheet lamination begins with laying a sheet of material such as paper down and an adhesive is then rolled across it. After which, another sheet will be laid on top of the other, bonding them together.

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Once the desired height or density of sheets is achieved, a knife or computer-guided laser is used to cut off excess material. There is also a type of sheet lamination called ultrasonic additive manufacturing that uses ultrasonic welding to bond the layers together.

Material Extrusion

is one of the more common types of additive manufacturing. This type involves thermoplastic material pushed through a nozzle to deposit each layer. It is typically the type used within many 3-D printers. Specifically, fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most commonly used process.

material extrusion

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FFF works by pushing the material through the heated head, which places a layer based on 3D CAD data. This layer sits on a build platform, which is then lowered by one layer for the nozzle to place the next layer over it. Each layer fuses with the other and cools to bond them together. The material used can vary depending on the type of printer being used. However, the most common material is thermoplastics.

Material Jetting

features a print head sitting above the platform which dispenses material in the form of droplets.

material jetting

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However, it doesn鈥檛 heat the material with the nozzle as material extrusion does. Instead, liquid resin is dispensed, which is then cured using ultraviolet light. After a layer is placed, the UV light moves over the platform to cure the layer. The platform then moves down and begins the process again.

Binder Jetting

, which is also called drop-on-power printing, can work with several different materials, including composites, ceramics, plastics, and sands.

binder jetting

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This process uses powder-based additive manufacturing materials that are deposited onto the build platform using a roller. The print head then deposits a liquid binder onto the material to adhere the layers together.

Powder Bed Fusion

is similar to binder jetting in that it uses a layer of powder-based material. The difference is that an electron beam or laser fuses the powder before the next layer is placed using a roller or blade.

powder bed fusion

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There are several variants of powder bed fusion, but all of them use a pre-heated chamber with inert gas in it. This method does tend to take longer than others, but it is used in several known industries, including aviation.

Vat Photopolymerization

is also commonly referred to as stereolithography. This method uses a vat of liquid photopolymer resin and a UV light source to cure it. A laser is used to create a shape in the resin, which is then cured by the UV light. The build platform will then lower to begin the next layer.

vat photopolymerisation

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Vat photopolymerization allows for very detailed projects, but they are often not as structural as some other additive manufacturing methods. However, this can often be remedied with support structures. While this is one of the faster additive manufacturing methods, it comes with quite a bit of clean-up and processing time.

Directed Energy Deposition

(DED) is on the more complex side of additive manufacturing methods. It uses an electron beam or laser to melt material, which is then deposited in the desired location. DED is often employed in repairs or additions to parts. The most common materials used in DED are metal powder or wire, but others include ceramics and polymers. DED offers a high degree of control and accuracy.

direct energy deposition

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The above additive manufacturing examples are only the current technology. There are already other methods under development, and it is expected that we will see even better methods entering the scene down the road.

Additive Manufacturing Certification

The additive manufacturing market is already massive, and it is expected to keep growing. In fact, the additive manufacturing industry has been expanding at a massive rate, with the market expected to hit . This has resulted in numerous additive manufacturing companies looking for employees with skills and knowledge in the industry.

Fortunately, there are now additive manufacturing certification programs that can help those interested make their way into the industry. For instance, an additive manufacturing program that allows individuals to achieve certification at a fundamentals or technician level.

Ultimately, additive manufacturing offers a much easier and more convenient way for a variety of industries to produce the products, parts, and more they need. With the rapid expansion of the industry, there has never been a better time for individuals to get certified to join a company or start one of their own.

We hope the above helped you understand the field of additive manufacturing. This is already an exciting industry and it will only continue to get better as technology improves. Even better, the wide availability of 3-D printers on the market makes it an easy field to get started in, even if it takes some time to learn the processes.

We wish you the best in all of your additive manufacturing endeavors!

Looking to Launch Your Own Additive Manufacturing Business Online?

Are you currently creating products with additive manufacturing or looking to get into the business? Then, starting your own online store can be a great place to begin marketing and selling your products. Even better, 黑料门 is here to help you get your store kickstarted. Our selling software makes it easy to build a website, launch a store, and manage your orders and metrics all through one easy-to-use platform.

Looking to launch your store on an established platform? We can help there too! Our software can be integrated with various selling platforms, including Instagram, Facebook, and more. This makes it easy to see any of your storefronts at a glance from one central dashboard.

The best part is that you can ! Don鈥檛 forget to check out the  to learn everything you need to know about starting and running a successful online store.

FAQ

What is additive manufacturing?

Additive manufacturing involves creating a 3-D object by adding a layer at a time until it is complete.

How many types of additive manufacturing are there?

There are seven types of additive manufacturing, with these being:

  1. Sheet Lamination
  2. Material Extrusion
  3. Material Jetting
  4. Binder Jetting
  5. Power Bed Fusion
  6. Vat Polymerization
  7. Directed Energy Deposition

What is the best additive manufacturing method for beginners?

Most 3-D printers on the general market employ material extrusion, which is a great place to start.

Can I start an additive manufacturing business?

Absolutely! Many excellent 3-D printers on the market can be used to create products and objects of all types. This means you can start your own additive manufacturing business at any time, even if you need to start small.

Can you get certified in additive manufacturing?

Yes! There are numerous courses and programs for individuals to pursue knowledge and skills in additive manufacturing. SME offers a certification program that allows you to pursue either fundamental or technician-level certification depending on your interest in the field.

This can be an excellent way to get involved in the industry. As a note, SME is not the only certification program out there, so don鈥檛 be afraid to browse for one you like. Even several colleges are starting to offer additive manufacturing programs.

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About the author

Max has been working in the ecommerce industry for the last six years helping brands to establish and level-up content marketing and SEO. Despite that, he has experience with entrepreneurship. He is a fiction writer in his free time.

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